STWIR HONG KONG LIMITED

STWIR HONG KONG LIMITED has 20 years of experience growing diamond plates of various qualities for an extensive variety of research and industrial applications.  The combination of diamond’s extreme hardness, thermal conductivity, chemical and pressure resistance, and electrical resistivity make it a unique material for experiments and applications in extremely difficult conditions. Diamond can do things that other materials just can’t.  Modern techniques have enabled us to make bespoke plates that meet the demands of any challenging situation.

We can provide diamond plates in four different qualities:

• Optical Grade – highly thermally conductive, 1700-1800 w/mK

• Electronic Grade – highly thermally conductive, 1700-1800 w/mK

• Thermal Grade – opaque diamond, 900-1000 w/mK

• Tool Grade – black diamond 700-800 w/mK

Thermal and Tool Grade, while not as conductive may still be ideal for your application and can be a more cost effective option.

Plates can be either single crystal or polycrystalline in type and we can polish and shape them to suit.  Circles and squares are the most common, but we have experience with exotic shapes and can apply edges if required.  Combined with our other capabilities, we can build custom diamond plates for almost any application.

Typical size

Poly – can be laser cut to any size from 2”/50 mm wafer max size for SC is 7 mm sq

Standard thickness

20 um, 50um, 100 um, 500 um

Surface finish

<10nm Ra for poly

<3nm Ra for Sc

Material type

Sc or poly thermal, optical, electronic grade HP/HT

Note: custom size and shapers are available

Beam position monitors are used in beam lines to gather information about the characteristics of the beam’s size, shape, location and time domain.  As beam intensity increases in 3rd and 4th generation light sources, particularly with storage ring upgrades underway, diamond optical components are in demand more and more.  The interaction of diamond with the x-ray beam enables a number of techniques to be used for beam position monitoring.

1. Diamond Fluorescent Screens – Fluorescent screens can be used for intermittent checking of the beam. They’re dropped in place in order to check on beam quality and location and then removed to allow the beam to pass on to the experiment.  The quality of the diamond used determines not only the color of the fluorescence but the resolution that can be achieved as grain boundaries, non-diamond carbon, and other defects act as electron traps reducing secondary emission. Diamond fluorescent screens are an appropriate choice for larger beams where visible detection of the fluorescence is possible.

2. Diamond Blade Monitors – Photoemission – Diamond sheets, metalized with gold contacts, are arranged in a pattern within the beam path. As the x-ray beam interacts with the diamond, a current is generated in each blade proportional to the area of interaction.  By observing the current intensity among the blades, the location of the beam determined.  Diamond blade monitors are another appropriate choice for larger beams where reasonable gaps between blades can be set allowing for insignificant obstruction of the beam’s passage.

3. Instrumented Diamond Windows – Photoconductive – For smaller beam sizes, thin diamond plates, with contacts applied, work well as monitors. The number of contacts can be varied from four (acting like the blade monitor example) to a pixelated version which supplies a digital image of the beam.  Thicker diamond plates can double as a vacuum window for the beam line while thinner versions minimize absorption of lower energy photons and can be used anywhere in the beam line.

SWIRHK Diamond supplies the variety of diamond materials needed to make these and other synchrotron beam line applications successful.  We provide the engineering support you may need to simplify and speed the adoption of this remarkable material in your lab.

Typical size

Up to 35 mm sq in polycrystalline, 7 mm sq
for SC

Standard thickness

50um, 100 um, 300 um

Surface finish

<10nm Ra for polycrystalline

<3nm Ra for Sc

Material type

Sc, poly optical grade, electronic grade, mechanical grade

Note: custom size and shapers are available

STWIR HONG KONG LIMITED can build heat spreaders for the most extreme possibilities.  As a material, diamond has no peer as a semiconductor medium.  The unsurpassed thermal conductivity of diamond and its high electrical resistivity allow for better performance across virtually all measures of semiconductor performance.  The ability of diamond to insulate high voltages across much thinner layers of material enables diamond to be used in lightweight applications.

Diamond offers three thermal conductivities tailored to the cost/performance requirement of our customers:

• Low – black diamond 700-800 w/mK

• Medium – opaque diamond 900-1000 w/mK

• High – optically clear diamond 1700-1800 w/mK for the most difficult heat problems

We can make spreaders with lithographically patterned metallization and electrically isolate top and bottom surfaces.

Metallization solutions include:

• Titanium, Platinum and Gold

• Titanium, Nickel Gold

• Chrome, Gold

We can offer heat spreaders with the following characteristics:

• Range of thicknesses available: up to 1mm thick

• Very flat and low roughness ensuring ease of attachment and minimized thermal interface resistances

• Diamond is grown on 2” wafers  that can be laser cut to any required size

• Flat, smooth diamond with Metallization solutions enabling die bonding, standard soldering and brazing

Typical size

Small – 1.5 mm sq

Large – 30 mm diameter

Max size for SC is 7 mm sq

Standard thickness

100 um, 300 um, 500 um

Surface finish

<10nm Ra for poly

Material type

Sc or poly mechanical grade (poly only), thermal grade or optical grade

Note: custom size and shapers are available

Superior Properties for Next Generation Applications

An excellent material for use in high energy research applications; diamond’s tensile strength, beam resistance, low noise, fast response and transmission across a variety of wave lengths, make it a superior material for a variety of challenging applications.

Used in high energy, x-ray and thermal isolation applications. SWIRHK Diamond creates foils, films, windows and detectors which out-last and out-perform alternative materials. Our years of experience and manufacturing innovations have led to cost effective solutions for our clients’ next generation applications.

Free standing diamond membranes can be produced in single crystal or polycrystalline down to a thickness of 10 um.  A dry etching process can be used to reduce the thickness of free-standing parts to 5 um.   In addition, we produce polycrystalline diamond as thin as 30 nm to 1 um attached to a silicon frame.

Single crystal and polycrystalline CVD diamond can be configured for the following applications:

• Particle detectors—UV, X-ray and electron beam

• Beam diagnostics and positioning -luminescence screens that remain in the beam during measurement

• Stripper foils- need is longer lasting foils with heavy ions—for generation of highly ionized particles, nuclear physics.

• Synchrotrons

• ultra-thin X-Ray Windows

• radiation detectors for heavy ions

• Novel laser-ion acceleration schemes aiming for ultrahigh particle energies.

Such membranes may be free standing or attached to a supporting frame.

Typical size

1 cm sq Si frame with 5 mm open aperture and
3 mm diameter free-standing

Standard thickness

50 nm, 100 nm, up to 1 um attached to Si frame

10-20 um free-standing

Surface finish

As grown for parts in Si frame

<5 nm Ra for free-standing

Material type

SC, optical grade, free-standing only optical grade, free-standing or attached to Si

Note: custom size and shapers are available

High-quality HPHT-grown (synthetic) diamond plates are free from stress, defects, surface cracks and chips. The main advantages of the plates are a large defect-free working surface, an ideal crystal structure, a low level of dislocations and uncontrolled impurities. Due to the above characteristics of diamond, our plates exhibit low levels of birefringence and background fluorescence.

The unique HPHT diamond single crystal growth technology allows the production of impressively large substrates up to 15.0 x 15.0 mm. Plates from 2.5 x 2.5 mm to 10.0 x 10.0 mm with a standard thickness of 0.5 mm and face orientation (100) are always available from stock.

The high-power and high-precision water-jet smart-laser allows you to cut single- and multi-sector plates of various shapes and complexity. Thanks to the cuboctahedral shape of HPHT diamonds, we are able to produce plates of different surface orientations, such as (111), (110), (113) and others.

You can also order plates doped with nitrogen or boron. Concentrations up to 10 ppm are available.